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The game was invented by the Danish mathematician Piet Hein, who introduced the game in 1942 at the Niels Bohr Institute, and also independently invented by the mathematician John Nash in 1947 at Princeton University. It became known in Denmark under the name Polygon (though Hein called it CON-TAC-TIX); Nash's fellow players at first called the game Nash. According to Martin Gardner, some of the Princeton University students also referred to the game as John (according to some sources this was because they played the game using the mosaic of the bathroom floor). In 1952 Parker Brothers marketed a version. They called their version "Hex" and the name stuck.

Hex is an abstract strategy game that belongs to the general category of "connection" games. Other connection games include Omni, Y and Havannah. All of these games are related to the ancient Asian game of Go; Nash's version of Hex, in particular, was done as a response to Go.