John Horton Conway

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John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020)
was an English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups,
knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory.

He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics,
most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life.
It is a zero-player game, meaning that its evolution is determined by
its initial state, requiring no further input.

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Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and
their respective fitness for specific applications.

Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and
correction, data transmission and data storage.

Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines—such as
information theory, electrical engineering, mathematics, linguistics,
and computer science—for the purpose of designing efficient and
reliable data transmission methods.

This typically involves the removal of redundancy and
the correction or detection of errors in the transmitted data.

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Conway notation (knot theory)

In knot theory, Conway notation, invented by John Horton Conway,
is a way of describing knots that makes many of their properties clear.
It composes a knot using certain operations on tangles to construct it.

In John Conway's definition, an n-tangle is a proper embedding of the disjoint union of n arcs into a 3-ball;
the embedding must send the endpoints of the arcs to 2n marked points on the ball's boundary.

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